Kidney disease, also known as renal disease, refers to any condition that affects the functioning of the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products from the blood, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones. Common causes of kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, autoimmune disorders, genetic factors, infections, and prolonged use of certain medications. Risk factors for kidney disease include obesity, smoking, a family history of kidney disease, and age over 60. Early detection and management of kidney disease are important in preventing kidney failure and other complications.

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