Thyroid disease refers to any dysfunction of the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck that produces hormones that regulate metabolism. The most common thyroid disorders are hypothyroidism (an under-active thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid), both of which can lead to a range of symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain or loss, and mood changes. The potential causes and risk factors for thyroid disease are numerous and include autoimmune disorders, genetic predisposition, exposure to radiation, iodine deficiency, certain medications, and pregnancy. Treatment options for thyroid disease may include medication, surgery, or radiation therapy.

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