Pleural effusion is a condition where an abnormal amount of fluid accumulates between the layers of tissue (pleura) that line the lungs and chest cavity, resulting in difficulty breathing. It can be caused by a variety of factors, such as congestive heart failure, pneumonia, cancer, pulmonary embolism, or liver and kidney disease. Risk factors for developing pleural effusion include advanced age, previous heart or lung conditions, recent surgery or trauma, and certain medications. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause of the effusion, but may include draining the fluid and addressing the underlying condition.

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