Intellectual disability refers to a condition characterized by limitations in cognitive and adaptive functioning. This can include difficulties with communication, social skills, self-care, and problem-solving. Intellectual disability can have a range of causes, including genetic abnormalities, brain injury or illness, and environmental factors such as malnutrition or exposure to toxins. Risk factors include advanced maternal age, poor prenatal care, and certain medical conditions such as epilepsy or cerebral palsy. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcomes for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

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