Pericardial effusion, medically referred to as per-e-KAHR-dee-ul uh-FU-zhun, denotes the accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid within the pericardium, a double-layered, sac-shaped structure enveloping the heart.

The usual interlayer space contains a thin layer of fluid between these membranes. However, when the pericardium is afflicted by disease or injury, this can provoke inflammation, resulting in an excessive accumulation of fluid. There are also instances where fluid accumulates around the heart without any accompanying inflammation, which can occur due to factors like bleeding, often associated with cancer or following chest trauma.

Pericardial effusion, the condition characterized by this fluid buildup, exerts pressure on the heart, influencing its functionality. Without proper treatment, it can potentially culminate in heart failure, and in severe cases, even mortality.

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