Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The primary cause of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a sexually transmitted infection. Other potential risk factors include smoking, a weakened immune system, and a family history of cervical cancer. Symptoms of cervical cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain during sex, and vaginal discharge. Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these approaches depending on the stage of the cancer. Regular cervical cancer screening with a Pap smear and HPV test can help detect the cancer early when it is most treatable.

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